FORMULA

Naming of Acids And Bases
    Naming acids involves specific rules based on the type of acid: binary acids or oxyacids. Below are the general rules for naming acids
Binary Acids:
        Binary acids consist of hydrogen and a non-metal element
Rule-1: Start with "hydro": Begin the name with the prefix "hydro.”
Rule-2: Name the non-metal element: Use the root name of the non-metal element, and change the ending to "-ic.”
Rule-3: Add "acid": End the name with the word "acid.
Example: HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Oxyacids:
    Oxyacids consist of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a non-metal
Rule-1: Identify the polyatomic ion: If the oxyacid contains a polyatomic ion, use the name of the ion as the ending of the acid
Rule-II: Determine the acid's hydrogen content: If the polyatomic ion ends in "-ate," change it to "-ic acid." If the polyatomic ion ends in "-ite," change it to "-ous acid."
Examples:
    HNO₃ (nitrate ion): Nitric acid        HNO₂ (nitrite ion): Nitrous acid
    H₂SO₄ (sulfate ion): Sulfuric acid    H₂SO₃ (sulfite ion): Sulfurous acid
Note:
    Some polyatomic ions have specific names in their acid forms. For example, the ClO₄^- ion is called the perchlorate ion, and the corresponding acid is called perchloric acid (HClO₄)
 If there are multiple oxyacids with different hydrogen content for the same polyatomic ion, prefixes like "per-" and "hypo-" are used. "Per-" indicates one more oxygen than the "-ate" form, while "hypo-" indicates one less oxygen than the "-ite" form
Example:
    HClO₄ (perchlorate ion): Perchloric acid    
    HClO₃ (chlorate ion): Chloric acid
    HClO₂ (chlorite ion): Chlorous acid    
    HClO (hypochlorite ion): Hypochlorous acid
Naming of bases
    Bases contaning -OH radical are names as hydroxides, after the name of metal.
Examples:
i)     NaOH         Sodium hydroxide.
ii)    NH₄OH        Ammonium hydroxide.
Trivial Names or Common Names:
    There are certain names of compounds  which do not follow any systematic rule. Such names are called trivial names or common names. Chemists have not          considered wise to replace these names by systematic names as they are widely understood by the common man.
Examples:
i)    Common name for nitrogen trihydride is ammonia [NH₃]
ii)    Common name for sodium chloride is table salt [NaCl]
iii)    Common name for hydrogen hydroxide is water [H₂O]