ON THE BASIS OF SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS
Classification of Industries
List the various manufactured products you use in your daily life such as – transistors, electric bulbs, vegetable oil, cement, glassware, petrol, matches, scooters, automobiles, medicines and so on. If we classify the various industries based on a particular criterion then we would be able to understand their manufacturing better. Industries may be classified as follows:
* On the basis of source of raw materials used
* On the basis of ownership
* Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:
On the basis of source of raw materials used:
Agro-based:
cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil.
Mineral-based:
iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.
According to their main role:
* Basic or key industries are those which supply their products as raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminum smelting.
* Consumer industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers – sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans etc.
On the basis of capital investment:
A small scale industry is defined with reference to the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit. This limit has changed over a period of time. At present, the maximum investment allowed is rupees one crore.
Source: This topic is taken from NCERT TEXTBOOK
ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP
* Public sector, owned and operated by government agencies – BHEL, SAIL etc.
* Private sector industries owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals –TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries.
* Joint sector industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by the public and private sectors.
* Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately. Such examples are the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala.
Source: This topic is taken from NCERT TEXTBOOK
BASED ON BULK AND WEIGHT
Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:
* Heavy industries such as iron and steel
* Light industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical goods industries
Activity:
Classify the following into two groups on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods
i) Oil (vi) Sewing Machines
ii) Knitting needles (vii) Shipbuilding
iii) Brassware (viii) Electric Bulbs
iv) Fuse wires (ix) Paintbrushes
Source: This topic is taken from NCERT TEXTBOOK