Introduction
The things or objects, which we all use in our daily life are made up of different types of materials Examples: Pen, Book, Chair etc....
Material is a substance that is used for making things. A material could be used to make a large number of different objects. An object could be either made of a single type of material or of many different types of materials.
All these materials have mass, shape, uses and are classified based on many criteria, including their physical states, properties of materials, etc.
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL
1. Appearance:
The "appearance" property of a material refers to how it looks or the visual characteristics it presents.
Here are some factors related to the appearance property of materials:
A) Size and Shape: The physical dimensions and form of the material. The size and shape of objects made from the material can influence its overall appearance.
B) Color: Different materials exhibit a wide range of colors, and color can significantly impact the visual appeal.
C) Texture: This is the feel or surface characteristics of a material. Texture can be smooth, rough, bumpy, glossy, matte, etc.
D) Luster: Material could be shiny ( luster or luster ) or could be rough (non- lustrous). All metals are lustrous (like Gold, Silver Aluminium etc...), some are more while the others is less whereas wood, rubber etc. are non-lustrous.
2. Hardness:
The material could be hard and soft. For example Rocks, iron etc. are hard.
Hard materials may be :
A) Brittle: Those materials which break into smaller pieces or are powdered when hammered. For example, rock, glass, salt.
B) Malleable: Materials that can be spread into thin sheets when beaten.
For example, metals are malleable.
C) Ductile: Materials that can be drawn into thin and long wires.
For example, metals are ductile as well. Materials like wood, rubber, and fibers are soft.
3. Transperancy:
Materials can be classified based on their transparency, which refers to the degree to which they allow light to pass through. The three primary categories are transparent, translucent, and opaque.
A) Transparent Materials:
Definition: Materials that allow almost all light to pass through, and objects can be clearly seen through them.
Examples: Glass, Clear plastics, Water (in thin layers), Air (to some extent)
B) Translucent Materials
Definition: Materials that allow some light to pass through but scatter it in a way that objects on the other side are not clearly visible.
Examples:Frosted glass, Wax paper, Tinted car windows, Some types of plastics
C) Opaque Materials:
Definition: Materials that do not allow any light to pass through, blocking the view of objects on the other side.
Examples: Wood, Metal, Brick, Cardboard