Nationalist Movement Outside India
The Indians struggled not only in India but also abroad. The Indians living in other countries started movements for freedom there. Madam Cama went to Geneva and started a newspaper called Vande Mataram. Narendranath Chattopadhyaya formed an association to discuss the Indian freedom movement in Berlin.
The American revolutionaries, including Sohan Singh Bakhna, Bhai Paramanand, Rashbehari Bose, Mohammad Barkatullah and others, formed the Ghadar Party and planned to raise an armed rebellion against the British. They gathered funds, arms and ammunition and sent a large number of volunteers to India in 1915. However, the British found out about the plan and arrested the volunteers, many of whom were hanged while others were sent to jail.
In England, there was an India House from where revolutionaries like Vinayak Damodra Savarkar, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Lala Hardayal, Madan Lal Dhingra and others operated.