Roadways
In the past, people used bullock carts or horse carts as the means of transportation on the roads. Then came the era of bicycles. Nowadays, we have various vehicles like motorcycles, buses, trucks and cars running on the roads, available in numerous models. In the earlier times, there were only mud roads, but now we have tar roads that connect even the remotest areas of the country.
National Highways
Roads that connect capital cities are called National Highways. Toll fee is collected at the border of each state on these highways, which is used for maintenance of roads.
State Highways
State highways connect important cities within a state. The golden quadrilateral is a network of roads that connect four major cities of India - Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Delhi.
The longest road in India is the Grand Trunk Road that runs between Amritsar and Kolkata. It was built by Sher Shah Suri in 1542 Good roads are a must for trade and commerce. Transport of goods: Transportation of vegetables, fruits, dairy products, food grains etc. between states and cities is faster now with good highways. Inter-state bus travel also has become convenient with AC buses. Every day, thousands of trucks carrying goods, and hundreds of buses carrying people pass through the national and state highways.
Railways
The first railway line in India was laid between Mumbai and Thane in 1853. Today, the railways have spread to even the remotest villages of the country. The Indian Railway is solely responsible for the management and operation of the railways. Board. For administrative convenience, the railway network is divided into different zones, namely, Central Railway, Northern Railway, Southern Railway, Western Railway, North East Frontier Railway, South Central Railway, etc. Earlier, trains were run by steam engines. Now, long distance trains are run on diesel engines, whereas local trains have electric engines. Superfast trains that run from north to south bring people and places closer together. The Rajdhani Express, and the Shatabdi Express are luxury trains which travel superfast. Delhi and Kolkata have metro rail systems, along with the common rail system in other parts of the country. Many other cities have also started working on metro rail projects to accommodate the growing population.